Resenha do livro Corpo e psicossomática em Winnicott, de Vera Regina Ferraz de Laurentiis publicado pela DWW editorial em 2016. A resenha intitula-se “A experiência psicossomática e a arte do cuidado” e é de autoria de Cassiano Sydow Quilici, Livre docente na área de teorias do teatro e daperformance e professor-associado e pesquisador no Instituto de Artes da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

In diesem Buch zeigt Björn Sydow die Möglichkeit des Menschseins unter Berücksichtigung der menschlichen Leidenschaften auf. Mit dem Begriff Leidenschaft beziehen wir uns auf Zustände beziehen, in denen Menschen darauf ausgerichtet sind, im Vollzug einer bestimmten Tätigkeit zu stehen. Das Ausleben solcher Leidenschaften ist nicht mit einer dualistischen Konzeption des menschlichen Handelns verträglich, weil darin das Handlungssubjekt von dem Vorgang des Verhaltens stets getrennt bleibt, so dass sich der Wunsch, ganz im aktiven Vollzug einer Tätigkeit zu stehen, gar nicht (...) erfüllen kann. In kritischem Anschluss an Helmuth Plessners Theorie der Lebewesen wird dem Versuch nachgegangen, menschliches Handeln nicht als Wirkung mentaler Zustände zu konzipieren, sondern als die Aktualisierung von Vermögen, die ebenso wie die Verhaltensdispositionen unbelebter Körper als Ausdifferenzierung des Eingebundenseins körperlicher Wesen in die Welt gelten können. So wird die dualistische Konzeption des Menschseins unterlaufen, ohne das menschliche Handeln zu einem unbelebten Vorgang verkommen zu lassen. Dabei steht das Vorgehen unter dem Anspruch, die Welt der körperlichen Einzeldinge auch in dieser Ausweitung als diejenige primäre Wirklichkeit zu erhalten, von der wir durch unsere Sinne Wissen erwerben können. (shrink)

ABSTRACTProbability judgements entail a conjunction fallacy if a conjunction is estimated to be more probable than one of its conjuncts. In the context of predication of alternative logical hypothesis, Bayesian logic provides a formalisation of pattern probabilities that renders a class of pattern-based CFs rational. BL predicts a complete system of other logical inclusion fallacies. A first test of this prediction is investigated here, using transparent tasks with clear set inclusions, varying in observed frequencies only. Experiment 1 uses data where (...) BL makes dominant predictions; Experiment 2's predictions were less clear, and we additionally investigated judgements about the second-most probable hypotheses. The results corroborated a pattern-probability account and cannot be easily explained by other theories of CFs. IFs were not limited to conjunctions, but rather occurred systematically for several logical connectives. Thus, pattern-based prob... (shrink)

The paper introduces, compares and contrasts formal models of source reliability proposed in the epistemology literature, in particular the prominent models of Bovens and Hartmann and Olsson :127–143, 2011). All are Bayesian models seeking to provide normative guidance, yet they differ subtly in assumptions and resulting behavior. Models are evaluated both on conceptual grounds and through simulations, and the relationship between models is clarified. The simulations both show surprising similarities and highlight relevant differences between these models. Most importantly, however, our (...) evaluations reveal that important normative concerns arguably remain unresolved. The philosophical implications of this for testimony are discussed. (shrink)

Published in 1908, C.S. Peirce’s ‘A Neglected Argument for the Reality of God’ is one of his most difficult articles. Presenting a peculiar entanglement of scientific method and theology, it sketches a ‘humble’ argument for the reality—and not the existence—of God for Musers, that is, those who pursue the activity he calls ‘Musement’. In Musement, Peirce claims, we can achieve a kind of perception of the intertwinement of the three universes of experience: of feeling, of brute fact, and of reason. (...) He also somehow relates each universe to a distinct phase of inquiry, which is described by the use of induction, deduction, and abduction or retroduction. The way that he develops his claims allows him to outline God as an abductive vague hypothesis to explain how those three universes make up a single whole. The hypothesis being vague means that the principle of contradiction does not hold for it. In this presentation, we aim at throwing some light at these points, focusing on the concept of Musement and what is understood as the vagueness of the hypothesis. (shrink)

In recent years, the receipt and the perception of information has changed in ways which have fueled fears about the fates of our democracies. However, real information on these possibilities or the direction of these changes does not exist. Into this gap, Hahn and colleagues bring the power of Condorcet's (1785) Jury Theorem to show that changes in our information networks have affected voter inter‐dependence so that it is likely that voters are now collectively more ignorant even if individual voter (...) competence remains unchanged. (shrink)

In this article, we discuss, from a complex systems perspective, possible implications of the rising dependency between autonomous human social/individual action, ubiquitous computing, and artificial intelligent systems. Investigation is made of ethical and political issues related to the application of ubiquitous computing resources to autonomous decision-making processes and to the enhancement of human cognition and action. We claim that without the feedback of fellow humans, which teaches us the consequences of our actions in real everyday life, the indiscriminate use of (...) ubiquitous computing in decision-making processes seems to be beyond the reach of any clear ethical control. We argue that the complex systems perspective may help us to foresee possible long-term consequences of our choices, in areas where human autonomous action can be directly affected by informational technologies. (shrink)

The impact of new advanced technology on issues that concern meaningful information and its relation to studies of intelligence constitutes the main topic of the present paper. The advantages, disadvantages and implications of the synthetic methodology developed by cognitive scientists, according to which mechanical models of the mind, such as computer simulations or self-organizing robots, may provide good explanatory tools to investigate cognition, are discussed. A difficulty with this methodology is pointed out, namely the use of meaningless information to explain (...) intelligent behavior that incorporates meaningful information. In this context, it is inquired what are the contributions of cognitive science to contemporary studies of intelligent behavior and how technology may play a role in the analysis of the relationships established by organisms in their natural and social environments. (shrink)

Des magasins Disney aux boutiques de musées, les produits dérivés sont désormais incontournables. En réutilisant une grande variété de formes et de volumes, ces phénomènes marketing semblent se faire l’écho d’une situation culturelle particulière pour laquelle un personnage de bande dessinée et un tableau de maître peuvent être imprimés sur un mug ou un carnet sans aucune distinction. Malgré ces goûts éclectiques, les produits dérivés semblent dessiner un savoir-faire spécifique, motivé à première vue par des raisons commerciales. Quelle est l’histoire (...) des produits dérivés et comment pouvons-nous les définir? En regardant les pratiques des concepteurs de produits dérivés et en les replaçant dans leurs contextes de vente, nous comprenons que la reproduction n’est pas la seule raison de leur succès. Une motivation décorative fait également partie intégrante de leur nature. Cet aspect des produits dérivés, qui appartient plus au champ esthétique qu’économique, nous offre des informations sur la place des arts appliqués dans notre société et sur leur traduction par le capitalisme contemporain. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article proposes to discuss the aesthetic and poetic praxis in the performance art Corda de Nó(s),1 based on theatrical and visual narratives directed towards intellectual emancipation and the expansion of the sensibility from the teaching experience within a municipal public school unit, in the city of Palmas (TO). This study focuses on a qualitative methodology of oral and exploratory narrative as well as the researchers’ field notebooks, prepared during the activities referred to in this text, in conjunction with (...) bibliographic studies, on the concepts of preparation, development and conclusion of the lesson plan of Arts discipline, based on universal education, as proposed by Jacques Rancière. (shrink)

This paper aims to reflect on a philosophy of resistance based on Michel Foucault’s thought and it questions whether the present has reached the end of the era of revolution. The paper presents two studies. Study I discusses the author’s position concerning Marx’s theses in order to outline the notion of resistance within the framework of relations of power. In that regard, the general strike of May 1968 is exemplary. Study II deals with how to think of resistance as an (...) experience. The notion of foyer highlights the articulating function between the ‘empowerment’ aspect of resistance and the processes of desubjectivation of experience. By developing this hypothesis, three themes addressed in Foucault’s works are considered: transgression, counter-conduct, and critical attitude. Finally, this thesis respects the limitations found in Foucault’s philosophy, without neglecting his records to support it. Conclusion suggests that the philosophy of resistance may promote an experience of defiance. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of the young in the criticism of the young Nietzsche to the German culture in Untimely Meditations. At first, we investigated from the perspective of education (Bildung) how young people can contribute to culture. Thus, we will investigate the hypothesis that the young person has some kind of relationship with the education (Bildung) of the genius.

Este artigo propõe analisar a importância do niilismo na filosofia de Nietzsche. Para tanto, privilegia as obras preparadas para publicação pelo próprio autor, em especial, Genealogia da Moral. Com isso, destaca-se as implicações que o tema possui na filosofia de Nietzsche, a partir de uma crítica genealógica destinada a avaliar o sentido do valor conferido ao nada. Atribui-se à crise do “niilismo europeu” uma lógica que preside a décadence cultural do Ocidente, baseada em uma relação dinâmica entre o ideal ascético (...) e a vontade de nada. Nesse sentido, considera-se que o niilismo pode se referir à expressão de uma lógica que as pretensões filosóficas de Nietzsche elevam à extrema radicalidade. (shrink)

Trata-se de fazer um recorte temático na história da filosofia ocidental, comparando três noções básicas de ciência: a aristotélica-tomista, segundo a qual ciência é conhecimento dedutivo, com base em certos princípios supremos, de estabelecimento de verdades; a baconiana, segundo a qual ciência é um procedimento indutivo de descoberta de verdades; e a peirciana, segundo a qual ciência é um modo de vida, uma atividade investigativa concreta, de descoberta da verdade. Aristóteles; Demonstração; Dedução; Tomás de Aquino; Princípios; Bacon; Indução; Peirce; Inquirição; (...) Comunidade de inquirição; Ciência. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo geral apresentar alguns aspectos básicos da filosofia da matemática de Charles Sanders Peirce, com o intuito de suscitar discussão posterior. Especificamente, são ressaltados: o lugar da matemática na classificação das ciências do autor; a diferença entre matemática e filosofia como cenoscopia; a relação entre as categorias da fenomenologia e matemática; o conceito de experiência e sua formalização possível; a distinção geral entre lógica, como parte da investigação filosófica, e matemática.

Este artigo é uma breve apresentação de “O desenvolvimento do pragmatismo americano”, de John Dewey, cuja tradução é publicada neste presente número de COGNITIO-ESTUDOS. Trata-se de mostrar como Dewey interpreta a história do pragmatismo como corrente filosófica nascida nos EUA, com as idéias de Peirce sobre o método científico e a significação conceitual, passando pela reinterpretação das idéias de Peirce feita por James, que transformou o pragmatismo numa teoria da ação e da verdade. Dewey afirma se filiar a essa corrente (...) numa linha de continuidade, embora não sem algumas diferenças, ao defender que seu instrumentalismo é uma conseqüência da ampliação do pragmatismo operada por James. (shrink)

In this paper we will show Peirce’s distinction between deduction, induction and abduction. The aim of the paper is to show how Peirce changed his views on the subject, from an understanding of deduction, induction and hypotheses as types of reasoning to understanding them as stages of inquiry very tightly connected. In order to get a better understanding of Peirce’s originality on this, we show Peirce’s distinctions between qualitative and quantitative induction and between theorematical and corollarial deduction, passing then to (...) the distinction between mathematics and logic. In the end, we propose a sketch of a comparison between Peirce and Whitehead concerning the two thinkers’ view of mathematics, hoping that this could point to further inquiries. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a sugestão de Fred Dretske para analisar o problema dos qualia. Tal problema, caro à Filosofia da Mente, ficou conhecido pela discussão desenvolvida por Thomas Nagel em seu clássico artigo What is it like to be a bat. Nesse artigo, Nagel postulou a impossibilidade de se conhecer, em perspectiva de terceira-pessoa, os aspectos da experiência humana. Ele considera que, mesmo após as descrições objetivas da experiência de um sujeito, escapariam ainda aspectos qualitativos, (...) fundamentais para se caracterizar os qualia. A partir de sua Tese Representacionista da mente, Dretske argumenta que seria possível dissolver esse problema se admitirmos que a mente é a face representacional do cérebro, a natureza dos qualia seria, assim, representacional. Nesse contexto, os fatos mentais relacionados às experiências seriam fatos representacionais: se conhecermos a natureza desses fatos representacionais conheceremos também a experiência do sistema que a representa. Diante de tal entendimento, discutimos em que medida a proposta dretskeana constitui uma alternativa ao problema dos qualia. (shrink)

We develop an analysis of the notion of mental representation, in the domain of visual perception, from a Cognitive Science perspective. Emphasis is given on a Connectionist view, according to which mental representations are emergent properties of the interaction between brain-like systems and structured light in the environment. We suggest that such a notion of mental representation indicates a way out of an ancient dispute between Representationalism and Eliminativism regarding the existence of mental representation in the human perceptual system.We develop (...) an analysis of the notion of mental representation, in the domain of visual perception, from a Cognitive Science perspective. Emphasis is given on a Connectionist view, according to which mental representations are emergent properties of the interaction between brain-like systems and structured light in the environment. We suggest that such a notion of mental representation indicates a way out of an ancient dispute between Representationalism and Eliminativism regarding the existence of mental representation in the human perceptual system.Investigaremos, a partir da perspectiva da Ciência Cognitiva, a noção de representação mental, no domínio da percepção visual humana. Ênfase é dada ao paradigma Conexionista, ou de Redes Neurais, de acordo com o qual tais representações mentais são descritas como estruturas emergentes da interação entre sistemas de processamento de informação que se auto-organizam - tais como o cérebro - e a luz estruturada no meio ambiente. Sugerimos que essa noção de representação mental indica uma solução para uma antiga polêmica, entre Representacionalistas e Eliminativistas, acerca da existência de representações mentais no sistema perceptual humano. (shrink)

Resenha de Bellucci, Francesco. Charles S. Peirce. Selected Writings on Semiotics, 1894–1912, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110607390.

This paper examines the basic question of how we can come to form accurate beliefs about the world when we do not fully know how good or bad our evidence is. Here, we show, using simulations with otherwise optimal agents, the cost of misjudging the quality of our evidence. We compare different strategies for correctly estimating that quality, such as outcome‐ and expectation‐based updating. We also identify conditions under which misjudgment of evidence quality can nevertheless lead to accurate beliefs, as (...) well as those conditions where no strategy will help. These results indicate both where people will nevertheless succeed and where they will fail when information quality is degraded. (shrink)

O presente texto discute, em âmbito teórico, a relação entre acontecimento e narrativa midiática. Através de Louis Quéré, situa-se o acontecimento na dialética da experiência, originária da interação entre sujeitos e acontecimentos. Pensa-se a narrativa como um lugar de manifestação e representação das culturas e das ações dos sujeitos sobre o mundo. Volta-se para a narrativa por meio da tríplice mimese de Paul Ricoeur. No âmbito analítico, o texto realiza incursões e interpretações acerca da derrota da seleção brasileira de futebol (...) para a seleção alemã por sete gols a um na semifinal da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014 e busca compreender como as capas de alguns jornais brasileiros produzem uma ressignificação do revés do Brasil na Copa de 1950, conhecido como Maracanaço. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende abordar o modo pelo qual a crítica de Hegel a Kant no domínio da moral tem repercussão nas teorias éticas contemporâneas. Trata-se de investigar osentido dessa crítica para autores como Jürgen Habermas e Seyla Benhabib e apresentar o modo como eles acolhem ou reelaboram tais críticas.

Peirce calls philosophy “cenoscopy”, that is, a view of the general. By that, he means that its aim is to provide a general view of the positive facts of human life and experience. Thus, cenoscopy begins its inquiries scrutinizing everything; experience shows us that is universal and pervasive, general and evident. The method of cenoscopic inquiry, as its very name says, rests upon the careful observation of all manifestations of usual and common experience, limiting itself to what can be inferred (...) from it: our common-sense experiences constitute the positum of philosophical inquiry. So, the biggest difficulty in philosophical inquiry is to cope with the certainties of common-sense, which are extremely vague and general, such certainties as expressed in propositions such as “fire burns”. Such experiences inform our world view, before any scientific world view, and as such it does not occur to us we can doubt them – they acquire the indubitable status of instinctive beliefs. In fact, common-sense beliefs are the very ground of our rational certainties, thus constituting the inevitable hic et nunc from where to start any philosophical and scientific inquiry. This paper aims at presenting Peirce’s main tenets of common-sense in relation to his conception of philosophy. (shrink)

The goal of the present set of studies is to explore the boundary conditions of category transfer in causal learning. Previous research has shown that people are capable of inducing categories based on causal learning input, and they often transfer these categories to new causal learning tasks. However, occasionally learners abandon the learned categories and induce new ones. Whereas previously it has been argued that transfer is only observed with essentialist categories in which the hidden properties are causally relevant for (...) the target effect in the transfer relation, we here propose an alternative explanation, the unbroken mechanism hypothesis. This hypothesis claims that categories are transferred from a previously learned causal relation to a new causal relation when learners assume a causal mechanism linking the two relations that is continuous and unbroken. The findings of two causal learning experiments support the unbroken mechanism hypothesis. (shrink)

This work extends theory about entrepreneurship across formal and informal institutional boundaries. While research has identified formal, informal, and renegade economies, we introduce the concept of the controversial economy, defined as the set of legal but illegitimate activities through which actors exploit opportunities. We explain the existence of the controversial economy, its prevalence, and provide examples. We explore how and why entrepreneurs may exploit opportunities in the controversial economy based on individual and opportunity-related attributes. Finally, we identify several theoretical perspectives (...) and research questions as an initial research agenda for the controversial economy. (shrink)

Raport powstał z inicjatywy Fundacji Pomocy Matematykom i Informatykom Niesprawnym Ruchowo w ramach projektu „Centrum Edukacji i Aktywizacji Zawodowej Osób Niepełnosprawnych - Oddziały Bydgoszcz i Łódź". Stanowi on rezultat badań zjawiska niepełnosprawności i kategorii społecznej, jaką stanowią osoby niepełnosprawne, oraz funkcjonowania ponad 30 agencji zatrudnienia wyspecjalizowanych we wsparciu osób niepełnosprawnych na rynku pracy. Pierwszy rozdział ekspertyzy dotyczy sposobów definiowania zjawiska niepełnosprawności, w drugim zaś - podjęto zagadnienie budowania potencjału niepublicznych służb zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych. Trzeci rozdział raportu zawiera informacje dotyczące przyjętej (...) metodologii badań, a czwarty prezentuje wyniki analiz zebranego materiału empirycznego w odniesieniu do oferty agencji zatrudnienia i jej klientów. Tematem piątego rozdziału pracy jest kondycja agencji zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych, prowadzonych przez organizacje pozarządowe. Motyw przewodni kolejnego rozdziału to otoczenie zewnętrzne agencji zatrudnienia. Ostatnia cześć raportu dotyczy rekomendacji wspomagających rozwiązywanie dylematów rozwojowych, przed którymi stoją agencje zatrudnienia. ** This report was made on the initiative of the Foundation Supporting Disabled Mathematicians and IT professionals in the project "Centre for Education and Vocational Activation of Persons with Disabilities - Branches Bydgoszcz and Lodz." It is the result of research on disability phenomenon and people with disabilities social category. It contains information about operations of more than 30 employment agencies specialized in helping people with disabilities into the labor market. First chapter of expertise relates to methods for defining the prevalence of disability and in the second - it was the issue of capacity building for non-disabled employment services. Third chapter of the report provides information on the methodology of research, and the fourth presents the results of an empirical analysis of the collected material in relation to the offer of employment agencies and their clients. Theme of the fifth chapter of the work is the condition of the disabled employment agency run by NGOs. Theme of the next chapter is the external environment of employment agencies. Last part of the report focuses on solving a recommendation supporting development dilemmas faced by agencies employment. -/- . (shrink)

Este breve texto esboça algumas ideias básicas da Filosofia Ecológica, enfatizando a importância e o valor de tais idéias para o estudo da mente e da consciência. Estas considerações levam à formação de uma abordagem ecológica, e o que, aqui, denomino Filosofia Ecológica. Em particular, a Filosofia Ecológica oferece uma saída às confusões e contradições que são comuns ao pensamento acadêmico dominante no que se refere à mente e à consciência.